Level 1

Share and clarify ideas about easily observable examples of forces and energy,
for example, by making a simple electrical circuit.
for example, by talking about the energy changes that occur when electrical energy is used to light a bulb.
for example, by discussing the changes that occur when more than one battery is used in a circuit.
Describe uses of items of everyday and, in simple terms, suggest how they work,
for example, describe how a torch works

Students can show how simple machines help us.
Students can understand through experimenting that using a lever makes lifting and moving loads easier.
Students can describe how easily objects can move on different surfaces.
Students can describe how surfaces can be changed to increase friction.

Level 2

Investigate and describe ideas about everyday examples of forces and energy,
for example, by making a simple electrical circuit that includes a switch.
for example, by talking about the energy changes that occur when electrical energy is used to make light and heat.
Explore trends and relationships between easily observable forms of force and energy,
for example, by discussing the changes that occur when more than one bulb is used in a circuit.

Describe, in simple terms, how items of everyday technology work and affect our lives, for example, toasters.
Students can show how simple machines help us. They can classify a simple machine as a ramp, wedge, screw, lever, or wheel.
Students can discuss the relationship between the ease of moving a load and the distance from the end of the lever to the fulcrum.
Students can explore and offer explanations for differences in how easily objects move on a variety of surfaces.
Students can describe how surfaces can be changed to increase friction and how this improves safety.

How fast does Santa's sleigh have to go?